Adaptasi Masyarakat Grobogan Menghadapi Kekeringan dalam Kebijakan Swasembada Pangan 1988-1998

Abstract

Kabupaten Grobogan dikenal sebagai salah satu wilayah dengan tingkat kerentanan tinggi terhadap kekeringan di Pulau Jawa. Berdasarkan data Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana (2023), Grobogan menempati posisi tertinggi di Jawa Tengah dengan 87 desa terdampak kekeringan, menggambarkan kondisi yang telah berlangsung lama sejak periode pelaksanaan kebijakan swasembada pangan (1988–1998). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk adaptasi sosial, ekonomi, dan teknologi masyarakat Grobogan dalam menghadapi kekeringan serta menilai pengaruh kebijakan swasembada pangan terhadap strategi bertahan hidup dan pola produksi pertanian masyarakat setempat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan historis dan analisis dokumen, serta pengolahan data sekunder dari BNPB dan sumber literatur terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Grobogan mengembangkan adaptasi sosial berbasis gotong royong, diversifikasi ekonomi rumah tangga, dan inovasi teknologi sederhana seperti pembuatan sumur dangkal, embung kecil, serta penggunaan pompa air. Kebijakan swasembada pangan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pola tanam bergilir antara padi dan palawija serta peningkatan penggunaan input modern, meskipun efektivitasnya terbatas oleh kondisi alam yang kering. Kesimpulannya, kemampuan masyarakat Grobogan untuk beradaptasi secara mandiri menjadi faktor utama ketahanan pangan lokal di tengah keterbatasan kebijakan nasional dan perubahan lingkungan.

Grobogan Regency is known as one of the areas in Java Island that is highly vulnerable to drought. According to data from the National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB, 2023), Grobogan ranks highest in Central Java, with 87 villages affected by drought reflecting a condition that has persisted since the implementation of the national food self-sufficiency policy (1988–1998). This study aims to analyze the forms of social, economic, and technological adaptation of the Grobogan community in facing drought, as well as to assess the influence of the government’s food self-sufficiency policy on their survival strategies and agricultural production patterns. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a historical approach and document analysis, utilizing secondary data from BNPB and related literature sources. The results indicate that the Grobogan community developed social adaptations based on mutual cooperation, household economic diversification, and simple technological innovations such as shallow wells, small reservoirs (embung), and the use of water pumps. The food self-sufficiency policy significantly influenced crop rotation patterns between rice and secondary crops and increased the use of modern agricultural inputs, although its effectiveness was limited by the region’s arid conditions. In conclusion, the community’s capacity for self-reliant adaptation became the key factor in maintaining local food resilience amid national policy constraints and environmental challenges.