Modal Sosial Masyarakat dalam Pelaksanaan Pemotongan Hewan Kurban di Dukuh Kalisalak Kelurahan Jatisawit

Abstract

Praktik kurban pada masyarakat Muslim pedesaan tidak hanya merupakan bentuk pelaksanaan ibadah keagamaan, tetapi juga menjadi aktivitas sosial yang berpotensi memperkuat modal sosial masyarakat. Meskipun demikian, penelitian yang secara khusus mengkaji modal sosial dalam pelaksanaan kurban masih relatif terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk-bentuk modal sosial yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan pemotongan hewan kurban di Dukuh Kalisalak, Kelurahan Jatisawit. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi partisipatif, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Informan penelitian terdiri atas panitia kurban, tokoh agama, tokoh masyarakat, dan warga yang terlibat dalam kegiatan kurban. Data dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif melalui reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan kurban memperkuat modal sosial melalui tingginya partisipasi masyarakat, praktik gotong royong, kepercayaan sosial, dan solidaritas komunitas. Temuan tersebut tercermin dalam pengelolaan bersama tujuh ekor sapi dan delapan belas ekor kambing serta distribusi daging kurban kepada sekitar 400 kepala keluarga pada lima RT di dua RW. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa praktik keagamaan kolektif berperan penting dalam memelihara kohesi sosial dan mereproduksi modal sosial dalam masyarakat pedesaan.

Qurban practices in rural Muslim communities are not only expressions of religious devotion but also social activities that have the potential to strengthen community social capital. Nevertheless, studies specifically examining social capital within qurban implementation remain limited. This study aimed to describe the forms of social capital manifested in the implementation of qurban slaughter activities in Kalisalak Hamlet, Jatisawit Village. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed using participant observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. Research participants consisted of qurban committee members, religious leaders, community leaders, and local residents involved in qurban activities. Data were analyzed using an interactive model comprising data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that qurban implementation strengthens social capital through active community participation, mutual cooperation, social trust, and community solidarity. These dimensions were reflected in the collective management of seven cattle and eighteen goats as well as the distribution of qurban meat to approximately 400 households across five neighborhood units within two community areas. The study highlights the important role of collective religious practices in maintaining social cohesion and reproducing social capital in rural communities.